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<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Deprecations</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#pending-removal-in-python-3-16">Pending removal in Python 3.16</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#pending-removal-in-python-3-17">Pending removal in Python 3.17</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#pending-removal-in-python-3-18">Pending removal in Python 3.18</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#pending-removal-in-python-3-19">Pending removal in Python 3.19</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#pending-removal-in-python-3-20">Pending removal in Python 3.20</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#pending-removal-in-future-versions">Pending removal in future versions</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#soft-deprecations">Soft deprecations</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#c-api-deprecations">C API deprecations</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#pending-removal-in-python-3-15">Pending removal in Python 3.15</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id1">Pending removal in Python 3.16</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id2">Pending removal in Python 3.18</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id3">Pending removal in Python 3.19</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id4">Pending removal in Python 3.20</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id5">Pending removal in future versions</a></li>
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<section id="deprecations">
<h1>Deprecations<a class="headerlink" href="#deprecations" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<section id="pending-removal-in-python-3-16">
<h2>Pending removal in Python 3.16<a class="headerlink" href="#pending-removal-in-python-3-16" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><p>The import system:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Setting <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#module.__loader__" title="module.__loader__"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__loader__</span></code></a> on a module while
failing to set <a class="reference internal" href="../library/importlib.html#importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.loader" title="importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec.loader"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__spec__.loader</span></code></a>
is deprecated. In Python 3.16, <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__loader__</span></code> will cease to be set or
taken into consideration by the import system or the standard library.</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/array.html#module-array" title="array: Space efficient arrays of uniformly typed numeric values."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'u'</span></code> format code (<code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wchar_t</span></code>)
has been deprecated in documentation since Python 3.3
and at runtime since Python 3.13.
Use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'w'</span></code> format code (<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/unicode.html#c.Py_UCS4" title="Py_UCS4"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_UCS4</span></code></a>)
for Unicode characters instead.</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/asyncio.html#module-asyncio" title="asyncio: Asynchronous I/O."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul>
<li><p><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.iscoroutinefunction()</span></code> is deprecated
and will be removed in Python 3.16;
use <a class="reference internal" href="../library/inspect.html#inspect.iscoroutinefunction" title="inspect.iscoroutinefunction"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">inspect.iscoroutinefunction()</span></code></a> instead.
(Contributed by Jiahao Li and Kumar Aditya in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/122875">gh-122875</a>.)</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/asyncio.html#module-asyncio" title="asyncio: Asynchronous I/O."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio</span></code></a> policy system is deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.16.
In particular, the following classes and functions are deprecated:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/asyncio-policy.html#asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/asyncio-policy.html#asyncio.DefaultEventLoopPolicy" title="asyncio.DefaultEventLoopPolicy"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.DefaultEventLoopPolicy</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/asyncio-policy.html#asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy" title="asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/asyncio-policy.html#asyncio.WindowsProactorEventLoopPolicy" title="asyncio.WindowsProactorEventLoopPolicy"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.WindowsProactorEventLoopPolicy</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/asyncio-policy.html#asyncio.get_event_loop_policy" title="asyncio.get_event_loop_policy"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.get_event_loop_policy()</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/asyncio-policy.html#asyncio.set_event_loop_policy" title="asyncio.set_event_loop_policy"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.set_event_loop_policy()</span></code></a></p></li>
</ul>
<p>Users should use <a class="reference internal" href="../library/asyncio-runner.html#asyncio.run" title="asyncio.run"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.run()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="../library/asyncio-runner.html#asyncio.Runner" title="asyncio.Runner"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.Runner</span></code></a> with
<em>loop_factory</em> to use the desired event loop implementation.</p>
<p>For example, to use <a class="reference internal" href="../library/asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.SelectorEventLoop" title="asyncio.SelectorEventLoop"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.SelectorEventLoop</span></code></a> on Windows:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">asyncio</span>
<span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="o">...</span>
<span class="n">asyncio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">main</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">loop_factory</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">asyncio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SelectorEventLoop</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>(Contributed by Kumar Aditya in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/127949">gh-127949</a>.)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/builtins.html#module-builtins" title="builtins: The module that provides the built-in namespace."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">builtins</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Bitwise inversion on boolean types, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~True</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~False</span></code>
has been deprecated since Python 3.12,
as it produces surprising and unintuitive results (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-2</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>).
Use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">not</span> <span class="pre">x</span></code> instead for the logical negation of a Boolean.
In the rare case that you need the bitwise inversion of
the underlying integer, convert to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code> explicitly (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~int(x)</span></code>).</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/functools.html#module-functools" title="functools: Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">functools</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Calling the Python implementation of <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functools.html#functools.reduce" title="functools.reduce"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">functools.reduce()</span></code></a> with <em>function</em>
or <em>sequence</em> as keyword arguments has been deprecated since Python 3.14.</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/logging.html#module-logging" title="logging: Flexible event logging system for applications."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">logging</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Support for custom logging handlers with the <em>strm</em> argument is deprecated
and scheduled for removal in Python 3.16. Define handlers with the <em>stream</em>
argument instead. (Contributed by Mariusz Felisiak in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/115032">gh-115032</a>.)</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/mimetypes.html#module-mimetypes" title="mimetypes: Mapping of filename extensions to MIME types."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mimetypes</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Valid extensions start with a ‘.’ or are empty for
<a class="reference internal" href="../library/mimetypes.html#mimetypes.MimeTypes.add_type" title="mimetypes.MimeTypes.add_type"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mimetypes.MimeTypes.add_type()</span></code></a>.
Undotted extensions are deprecated and will
raise a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> in Python 3.16.
(Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/75223">gh-75223</a>.)</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/shutil.html#module-shutil" title="shutil: High-level file operations, including copying."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">shutil</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>The <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ExecError</span></code> exception
has been deprecated since Python 3.14.
It has not been used by any function in <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">shutil</span></code> since Python 3.4,
and is now an alias of <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#RuntimeError" title="RuntimeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code></a>.</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/symtable.html#module-symtable" title="symtable: Interface to the compiler's internal symbol tables."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">symtable</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>The <a class="reference internal" href="../library/symtable.html#symtable.Class.get_methods" title="symtable.Class.get_methods"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Class.get_methods</span></code></a> method
has been deprecated since Python 3.14.</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#module-sys" title="sys: Access system-specific parameters and functions."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>The <a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding" title="sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_enablelegacywindowsfsencoding()</span></code></a> function
has been deprecated since Python 3.13.
Use the <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING"><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING</span></code></a> environment variable instead.</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/sysconfig.html#module-sysconfig" title="sysconfig: Python's configuration information"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sysconfig</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>The <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sysconfig.expand_makefile_vars()</span></code> function
has been deprecated since Python 3.14.
Use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vars</span></code> argument of <a class="reference internal" href="../library/sysconfig.html#sysconfig.get_paths" title="sysconfig.get_paths"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sysconfig.get_paths()</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/tarfile.html#module-tarfile" title="tarfile: Read and write tar-format archive files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tarfile</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>The undocumented and unused <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TarFile.tarfile</span></code> attribute
has been deprecated since Python 3.13.</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="pending-removal-in-python-3-17">
<h2>Pending removal in Python 3.17<a class="headerlink" href="#pending-removal-in-python-3-17" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/datetime.html#module-datetime" title="datetime: Basic date and time types."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/datetime.html#datetime.datetime.strptime" title="datetime.datetime.strptime"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code></a> calls using a format string containing
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%e</span></code> (day of month) without a year.
This has been deprecated since Python 3.15.
(Contributed by Stan Ulbrych in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/70647">gh-70647</a>.)</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/collections.abc.html#module-collections.abc" title="collections.abc: Abstract base classes for containers"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">collections.abc</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.ByteString" title="collections.abc.ByteString"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">collections.abc.ByteString</span></code></a> is scheduled for removal in Python 3.17.</p>
<p>Use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isinstance(obj,</span> <span class="pre">collections.abc.Buffer)</span></code> to test if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">obj</span></code>
implements the <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/buffer.html#bufferobjects"><span class="std std-ref">buffer protocol</span></a> at runtime. For use
in type annotations, either use <a class="reference internal" href="../library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Buffer" title="collections.abc.Buffer"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Buffer</span></code></a> or a union
that explicitly specifies the types your code supports (e.g.,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span> <span class="pre">|</span> <span class="pre">bytearray</span> <span class="pre">|</span> <span class="pre">memoryview</span></code>).</p>
<p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ByteString</span></code> was originally intended to be an abstract class that
would serve as a supertype of both <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytearray" title="bytearray"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></code></a>.
However, since the ABC never had any methods, knowing that an object was an
instance of <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ByteString</span></code> never actually told you anything useful
about the object. Other common buffer types such as <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#memoryview" title="memoryview"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">memoryview</span></code></a>
were also never understood as subtypes of <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ByteString</span></code> (either at
runtime or by static type checkers).</p>
<p>See <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0688/#current-options"><strong>PEP 688</strong></a> for more details.
(Contributed by Shantanu Jain in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/91896">gh-91896</a>.)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/codecs.html#module-encodings" title="encodings: Encodings package"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">encodings</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Passing non-ascii <em>encoding</em> names to <a class="reference internal" href="../library/codecs.html#encodings.normalize_encoding" title="encodings.normalize_encoding"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">encodings.normalize_encoding()</span></code></a>
is deprecated and scheduled for removal in Python 3.17.
(Contributed by Stan Ulbrych in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/136702">gh-136702</a>.)</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/profile.html#module-profile" title="profile: Pure Python profiler (deprecated). (deprecated)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">profile</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>The <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">profile</span></code> module is deprecated and will be removed in
Python 3.17. Use <a class="reference internal" href="../library/profiling.tracing.html#module-profiling.tracing" title="profiling.tracing: Deterministic tracing profiler for Python programs."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">profiling.tracing</span></code></a> instead, which provides a
compatible API. See <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0799/"><strong>PEP 799</strong></a> for details.
(Contributed by Pablo Galindo and László Kiss Kollár in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/138122">gh-138122</a>.)</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/webbrowser.html#module-webbrowser" title="webbrowser: Easy-to-use controller for web browsers."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">webbrowser</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">webbrowser.MacOSXOSAScript</span></code> is deprecated in favour of
<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">webbrowser.MacOS</span></code>. (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/137586">gh-137586</a>)</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/typing.html#module-typing" title="typing: Support for type hints (see :pep:`484`)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">typing</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Before Python 3.14, old-style unions were implemented using the private class
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">typing._UnionGenericAlias</span></code>. This class is no longer needed for the implementation,
but it has been retained for backward compatibility, with removal scheduled for Python
3.17. Users should use documented introspection helpers like <a class="reference internal" href="../library/typing.html#typing.get_origin" title="typing.get_origin"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">typing.get_origin()</span></code></a>
and <a class="reference internal" href="../library/typing.html#typing.get_args" title="typing.get_args"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">typing.get_args()</span></code></a> instead of relying on private implementation details.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/typing.html#typing.ByteString" title="typing.ByteString"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">typing.ByteString</span></code></a>, deprecated since Python 3.9, is scheduled for removal in
Python 3.17.</p>
<p>Use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isinstance(obj,</span> <span class="pre">collections.abc.Buffer)</span></code> to test if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">obj</span></code>
implements the <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/buffer.html#bufferobjects"><span class="std std-ref">buffer protocol</span></a> at runtime. For use
in type annotations, either use <a class="reference internal" href="../library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Buffer" title="collections.abc.Buffer"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Buffer</span></code></a> or a union
that explicitly specifies the types your code supports (e.g.,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span> <span class="pre">|</span> <span class="pre">bytearray</span> <span class="pre">|</span> <span class="pre">memoryview</span></code>).</p>
<p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ByteString</span></code> was originally intended to be an abstract class that
would serve as a supertype of both <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytearray" title="bytearray"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></code></a>.
However, since the ABC never had any methods, knowing that an object was an
instance of <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ByteString</span></code> never actually told you anything useful
about the object. Other common buffer types such as <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#memoryview" title="memoryview"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">memoryview</span></code></a>
were also never understood as subtypes of <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ByteString</span></code> (either at
runtime or by static type checkers).</p>
<p>See <span class="target" id="index-3"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0688/#current-options"><strong>PEP 688</strong></a> for more details.
(Contributed by Shantanu Jain in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/91896">gh-91896</a>.)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/tkinter.html#module-tkinter" title="tkinter: Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>The <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter.Variable</span></code> methods <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trace_variable()</span></code>,
<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trace()</span></code> (an alias of <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trace_variable()</span></code>),
<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trace_vdelete()</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trace_vinfo()</span></code>, deprecated since
Python 3.14, are scheduled for removal in Python 3.17.
Use <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trace_add()</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trace_remove()</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trace_info()</span></code>
instead.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/120220">gh-120220</a>.)</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="pending-removal-in-python-3-18">
<h2>Pending removal in Python 3.18<a class="headerlink" href="#pending-removal-in-python-3-18" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><p>No longer accept a boolean value when a file descriptor is expected.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/82626">gh-82626</a>.)</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/decimal.html#module-decimal" title="decimal: Implementation of the General Decimal Arithmetic Specification."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">decimal</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>The non-standard and undocumented <a class="reference internal" href="../library/decimal.html#decimal.Decimal" title="decimal.Decimal"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Decimal</span></code></a> format
specifier <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'N'</span></code>, which is only supported in the <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">decimal</span></code> module’s
C implementation, has been deprecated since Python 3.13.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/89902">gh-89902</a>.)</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>Deprecations defined by <span class="target" id="index-4"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0829/"><strong>PEP 829</strong></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">import</span></code> lines in <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">name</span></em><span class="pre">.pth</span></code> files are silently ignored.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>(Contributed by Barry Warsaw in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/148641">gh-148641</a>.)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="pending-removal-in-python-3-19">
<h2>Pending removal in Python 3.19<a class="headerlink" href="#pending-removal-in-python-3-19" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/ctypes.html#module-ctypes" title="ctypes: A foreign function library for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ctypes</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Implicitly switching to the MSVC-compatible struct layout by setting
<a class="reference internal" href="../library/ctypes.html#ctypes.Structure._pack_" title="ctypes.Structure._pack_"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_pack_</span></code></a> but not <a class="reference internal" href="../library/ctypes.html#ctypes.Structure._layout_" title="ctypes.Structure._layout_"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_layout_</span></code></a>
on non-Windows platforms.</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/hashlib.html#module-hashlib" title="hashlib: Secure hash and message digest algorithms."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hashlib</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>In hash function constructors such as <a class="reference internal" href="../library/hashlib.html#hashlib.new" title="hashlib.new"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">new()</span></code></a> or the
direct hash-named constructors such as <a class="reference internal" href="../library/hashlib.html#hashlib.md5" title="hashlib.md5"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">md5()</span></code></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="../library/hashlib.html#hashlib.sha256" title="hashlib.sha256"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sha256()</span></code></a>, their optional initial data parameter could
also be passed a keyword argument named <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">data=</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">string=</span></code> in
various <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hashlib</span></code> implementations.</p>
<p>Support for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">string</span></code> keyword argument name is now deprecated
and slated for removal in Python 3.19.</p>
<p>Before Python 3.13, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">string</span></code> keyword parameter was not correctly
supported depending on the backend implementation of hash functions.
Prefer passing the initial data as a positional argument for maximum
backwards compatibility.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/http.cookies.html#module-http.cookies" title="http.cookies: Support for HTTP state management (cookies)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http.cookies</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/http.cookies.html#http.cookies.Morsel.js_output" title="http.cookies.Morsel.js_output"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http.cookies.Morsel.js_output()</span></code></a> is deprecated and will be
removed in Python 3.19.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/http.cookies.html#http.cookies.BaseCookie.js_output" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie.js_output"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http.cookies.BaseCookie.js_output()</span></code></a> is deprecated and will be
removed in Python 3.19.</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/imaplib.html#module-imaplib" title="imaplib: IMAP4 protocol client (requires sockets)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">imaplib</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Altering <a class="reference internal" href="../library/imaplib.html#imaplib.IMAP4.file" title="imaplib.IMAP4.file"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IMAP4.file</span></code></a> is now deprecated
and slated for removal in Python 3.19. This property is now unused
and changing its value does not automatically close the current file.</p>
<p>Before Python 3.14, this property was used to implement the corresponding
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">read()</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">readline()</span></code> methods for <a class="reference internal" href="../library/imaplib.html#imaplib.IMAP4" title="imaplib.IMAP4"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IMAP4</span></code></a> but this
is no longer the case since then.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="pending-removal-in-python-3-20">
<h2>Pending removal in Python 3.20<a class="headerlink" href="#pending-removal-in-python-3-20" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><p>Calling the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__new__()</span></code> method of <a class="reference internal" href="../library/struct.html#struct.Struct" title="struct.Struct"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct.Struct</span></code></a> without the
<em>format</em> argument is deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.20. Calling
<a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__init__" title="object.__init__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__init__()</span></code></a> method on initialized <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Struct</span></code>
objects is deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.20.</p>
<p>(Contributed by Sergey B Kirpichev and Serhiy Storchaka in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/143715">gh-143715</a>.)</p>
</li>
<li><p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__version__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">version</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VERSION</span></code> attributes have been
deprecated in these standard library modules and will be removed in
Python 3.20. Use <a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys.version_info" title="sys.version_info"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.version_info</span></code></a> instead.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/argparse.html#module-argparse" title="argparse: Command-line option and argument parsing library."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">argparse</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/csv.html#module-csv" title="csv: Write and read tabular data to and from delimited files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">csv</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/ctypes.html#module-ctypes" title="ctypes: A foreign function library for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ctypes</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ctypes.macholib</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/decimal.html#module-decimal" title="decimal: Implementation of the General Decimal Arithmetic Specification."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">decimal</span></code></a> (use <a class="reference internal" href="../library/decimal.html#decimal.SPEC_VERSION" title="decimal.SPEC_VERSION"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">decimal.SPEC_VERSION</span></code></a> instead)</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/http.server.html#module-http.server" title="http.server: HTTP server and request handlers."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http.server</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/imaplib.html#module-imaplib" title="imaplib: IMAP4 protocol client (requires sockets)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">imaplib</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/ipaddress.html#module-ipaddress" title="ipaddress: IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ipaddress</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/json.html#module-json" title="json: Encode and decode the JSON format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">json</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/logging.html#module-logging" title="logging: Flexible event logging system for applications."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">logging</span></code></a> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__date__</span></code> also deprecated)</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/optparse.html#module-optparse" title="optparse: Command-line option parsing library."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">optparse</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/pickle.html#module-pickle" title="pickle: Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pickle</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/platform.html#module-platform" title="platform: Retrieves as much platform identifying data as possible."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">platform</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/re.html#module-re" title="re: Regular expression operations."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">re</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/socketserver.html#module-socketserver" title="socketserver: A framework for network servers."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socketserver</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/tabnanny.html#module-tabnanny" title="tabnanny: Tool for detecting white space related problems in Python source files in a directory tree."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tabnanny</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/tarfile.html#module-tarfile" title="tarfile: Read and write tar-format archive files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tarfile</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/tkinter.font.html#module-tkinter.font" title="tkinter.font: Tkinter font-wrapping class"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter.font</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/tkinter.ttk.html#module-tkinter.ttk" title="tkinter.ttk: Tk themed widget set"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter.ttk</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.simple_server" title="wsgiref.simple_server: A simple WSGI HTTP server."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wsgiref.simple_server</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#module-xml.etree.ElementTree" title="xml.etree.ElementTree: Implementation of the ElementTree API."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.etree.ElementTree</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.expatreader</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/xml.sax.handler.html#module-xml.sax.handler" title="xml.sax.handler: Base classes for SAX event handlers."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.handler</span></code></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/zlib.html#module-zlib" title="zlib: Low-level interface to compression and decompression routines compatible with gzip."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zlib</span></code></a></p></li>
</ul>
<p>(Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade and Stan Ulbrych in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/76007">gh-76007</a>.)</p>
</li>
<li><p>Deprecations defined by <span class="target" id="index-5"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0829/"><strong>PEP 829</strong></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Warnings are produced for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">import</span></code> lines found in <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">name</span></em><span class="pre">.pth</span></code>
files.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">name</span></em><span class="pre">.pth</span></code> files are no longer decoded in the locale encoding by
default. They <strong>MUST</strong> be encoded in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utf-8-sig</span></code>.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>(Contributed by Barry Warsaw in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/148641">gh-148641</a>.)</p>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/ast.html#module-ast" title="ast: Abstract Syntax Tree classes and manipulation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ast</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Creating instances of abstract AST nodes (such as <a class="reference internal" href="../library/ast.html#ast.AST" title="ast.AST"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ast.AST</span></code></a>
or <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ast.expr</span></code>) is deprecated and will raise an error in Python 3.20.</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/typing.html#module-typing" title="typing: Support for type hints (see :pep:`484`)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">typing</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>It is deprecated to call <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#isinstance" title="isinstance"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isinstance()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#issubclass" title="issubclass"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">issubclass()</span></code></a> checks on
protocol classes that were not explicitly decorated with <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">runtime_checkable()</span></code>
but that inherit from a runtime-checkable protocol class.
This will raise a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> in Python 3.20.</p>
<p>(Contributed by Bartosz Sławecki in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/132604">gh-132604</a>.)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="pending-removal-in-future-versions">
<h2>Pending removal in future versions<a class="headerlink" href="#pending-removal-in-future-versions" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>The following APIs will be removed in the future,
although there is currently no date scheduled for their removal.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/argparse.html#module-argparse" title="argparse: Command-line option and argument parsing library."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">argparse</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Nesting argument groups and nesting mutually exclusive
groups are deprecated.</p></li>
<li><p>Passing the undocumented keyword argument <em>prefix_chars</em> to
<a class="reference internal" href="../library/argparse.html#argparse.ArgumentParser.add_argument_group" title="argparse.ArgumentParser.add_argument_group"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">add_argument_group()</span></code></a> is now
deprecated.</p></li>
<li><p>The <a class="reference internal" href="../library/argparse.html#argparse.FileType" title="argparse.FileType"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">argparse.FileType</span></code></a> type converter is deprecated.</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/builtins.html#module-builtins" title="builtins: The module that provides the built-in namespace."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">builtins</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Generators: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">throw(type,</span> <span class="pre">exc,</span> <span class="pre">tb)</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">athrow(type,</span> <span class="pre">exc,</span> <span class="pre">tb)</span></code>
signature is deprecated: use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">throw(exc)</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">athrow(exc)</span></code> instead,
the single argument signature.</p></li>
<li><p>Currently Python accepts numeric literals immediately followed by keywords,
for example <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0in</span> <span class="pre">x</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1or</span> <span class="pre">x</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0if</span> <span class="pre">1else</span> <span class="pre">2</span></code>. It allows confusing and
ambiguous expressions like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[0x1for</span> <span class="pre">x</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">y]</span></code> (which can be interpreted as
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[0x1</span> <span class="pre">for</span> <span class="pre">x</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">y]</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[0x1f</span> <span class="pre">or</span> <span class="pre">x</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">y]</span></code>). A syntax warning is raised
if the numeric literal is immediately followed by one of keywords
<a class="reference internal" href="../reference/expressions.html#and"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">and</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#else"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">else</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#for"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">for</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#if"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">if</span></code></a>,
<a class="reference internal" href="../reference/expressions.html#in"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">in</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/expressions.html#is"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/expressions.html#or"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">or</span></code></a>. In a future release it
will be changed to a syntax error. (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/87999">gh-87999</a>)</p></li>
<li><p>Support for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__index__()</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__int__()</span></code> method returning non-int type:
these methods will be required to return an instance of a strict subclass of
<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p>Support for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__float__()</span></code> method returning a strict subclass of
<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code></a>: these methods will be required to return an instance of
<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code>.</p></li>
<li><p>Support for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__complex__()</span></code> method returning a strict subclass of
<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#complex" title="complex"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">complex</span></code></a>: these methods will be required to return an instance of
<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">complex</span></code>.</p></li>
<li><p>Passing a complex number as the <em>real</em> or <em>imag</em> argument in the
<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#complex" title="complex"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">complex()</span></code></a> constructor is now deprecated; it should only be passed
as a single positional argument.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/109218">gh-109218</a>.)</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/calendar.html#module-calendar" title="calendar: Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation of the Unix cal program."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">calendar</span></code></a>: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">calendar.January</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">calendar.February</span></code> constants are
deprecated and replaced by <a class="reference internal" href="../library/calendar.html#calendar.JANUARY" title="calendar.JANUARY"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">calendar.JANUARY</span></code></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="../library/calendar.html#calendar.FEBRUARY" title="calendar.FEBRUARY"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">calendar.FEBRUARY</span></code></a>.
(Contributed by Prince Roshan in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/103636">gh-103636</a>.)</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/codecs.html#module-codecs" title="codecs: Encode and decode data and streams."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">codecs</span></code></a>: use <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#open" title="open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> instead of <a class="reference internal" href="../library/codecs.html#codecs.open" title="codecs.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">codecs.open()</span></code></a>. (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/133038">gh-133038</a>)</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">codeobject.co_lnotab</span></code>: use the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#codeobject.co_lines" title="codeobject.co_lines"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">codeobject.co_lines()</span></code></a> method
instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/datetime.html#module-datetime" title="datetime: Basic date and time types."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/datetime.html#datetime.datetime.utcnow" title="datetime.datetime.utcnow"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utcnow()</span></code></a>:
use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.UTC)</span></code>.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/datetime.html#datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp" title="datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utcfromtimestamp()</span></code></a>:
use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp,</span> <span class="pre">tz=datetime.UTC)</span></code>.</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/gettext.html#module-gettext" title="gettext: Multilingual internationalization services."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gettext</span></code></a>: Plural value must be an integer.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/importlib.html#module-importlib" title="importlib: The implementation of the import machinery."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/importlib.html#importlib.util.cache_from_source" title="importlib.util.cache_from_source"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cache_from_source()</span></code></a> <em>debug_override</em> parameter is
deprecated: use the <em>optimization</em> parameter instead.</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/importlib.metadata.html#module-importlib.metadata" title="importlib.metadata: Accessing package metadata"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.metadata</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EntryPoints</span></code> tuple interface.</p></li>
<li><p>Implicit <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> on return values.</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/logging.html#module-logging" title="logging: Flexible event logging system for applications."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">logging</span></code></a>: the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">warn()</span></code> method has been deprecated
since Python 3.3, use <a class="reference internal" href="../library/logging.html#logging.warning" title="logging.warning"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">warning()</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/mailbox.html#module-mailbox" title="mailbox: Manipulate mailboxes in various formats"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mailbox</span></code></a>: Use of StringIO input and text mode is deprecated, use
BytesIO and binary mode instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/os.html#module-os" title="os: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os</span></code></a>: Calling <a class="reference internal" href="../library/os.html#os.register_at_fork" title="os.register_at_fork"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.register_at_fork()</span></code></a> in a multi-threaded process.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/os.path.html#module-os.path" title="os.path: Operations on pathnames."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.path</span></code></a>: <a class="reference internal" href="../library/os.path.html#os.path.commonprefix" title="os.path.commonprefix"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.path.commonprefix()</span></code></a> is deprecated, use
<a class="reference internal" href="../library/os.path.html#os.path.commonpath" title="os.path.commonpath"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.path.commonpath()</span></code></a> for path prefixes. The <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.path.commonprefix()</span></code>
function is being deprecated due to having a misleading name and module.
The function is not safe to use for path prefixes despite being included in a
module about path manipulation, meaning it is easy to accidentally
introduce path traversal vulnerabilities into Python programs by using this
function.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pydoc.ErrorDuringImport</span></code>: A tuple value for <em>exc_info</em> parameter is
deprecated, use an exception instance.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/re.html#module-re" title="re: Regular expression operations."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">re</span></code></a>: More strict rules are now applied for numerical group references
and group names in regular expressions. Only sequence of ASCII digits is now
accepted as a numerical reference. The group name in bytes patterns and
replacement strings can now only contain ASCII letters and digits and
underscore.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/91760">gh-91760</a>.)</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/shutil.html#module-shutil" title="shutil: High-level file operations, including copying."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">shutil</span></code></a>: <a class="reference internal" href="../library/shutil.html#shutil.rmtree" title="shutil.rmtree"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rmtree()</span></code></a>’s <em>onerror</em> parameter is deprecated in
Python 3.12; use the <em>onexc</em> parameter instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/ssl.html#module-ssl" title="ssl: TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl</span></code></a> options and protocols:</p>
<ul>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext" title="ssl.SSLContext"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.SSLContext</span></code></a> without protocol argument is deprecated.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext" title="ssl.SSLContext"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.SSLContext</span></code></a>: <a class="reference internal" href="../library/ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext.set_npn_protocols" title="ssl.SSLContext.set_npn_protocols"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set_npn_protocols()</span></code></a> and
<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">selected_npn_protocol()</span></code> are deprecated: use ALPN
instead.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.OP_NO_SSL*</span></code> options</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.OP_NO_TLS*</span></code> options</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.TLSVersion.SSLv3</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_1</span></code></p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/threading.html#module-threading" title="threading: Thread-based parallelism."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading</span></code></a> methods:</p>
<ul>
<li><p><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading.Condition.notifyAll()</span></code>: use <a class="reference internal" href="../library/threading.html#threading.Condition.notify_all" title="threading.Condition.notify_all"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">notify_all()</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading.Event.isSet()</span></code>: use <a class="reference internal" href="../library/threading.html#threading.Event.is_set" title="threading.Event.is_set"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is_set()</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading.Thread.isDaemon()</span></code>, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/threading.html#threading.Thread.setDaemon" title="threading.Thread.setDaemon"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading.Thread.setDaemon()</span></code></a>:
use <a class="reference internal" href="../library/threading.html#threading.Thread.daemon" title="threading.Thread.daemon"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading.Thread.daemon</span></code></a> attribute.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading.Thread.getName()</span></code>, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/threading.html#threading.Thread.setName" title="threading.Thread.setName"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading.Thread.setName()</span></code></a>:
use <a class="reference internal" href="../library/threading.html#threading.Thread.name" title="threading.Thread.name"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading.Thread.name</span></code></a> attribute.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading.currentThread()</span></code>: use <a class="reference internal" href="../library/threading.html#threading.current_thread" title="threading.current_thread"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading.current_thread()</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading.activeCount()</span></code>: use <a class="reference internal" href="../library/threading.html#threading.active_count" title="threading.active_count"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading.active_count()</span></code></a>.</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/typing.html#typing.Text" title="typing.Text"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">typing.Text</span></code></a> (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/92332">gh-92332</a>).</p></li>
<li><p>The internal class <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">typing._UnionGenericAlias</span></code> is no longer used to implement
<a class="reference internal" href="../library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="typing.Union"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">typing.Union</span></code></a>. To preserve compatibility with users using this private
class, a compatibility shim will be provided until at least Python 3.17. (Contributed by
Jelle Zijlstra in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/105499">gh-105499</a>.)</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/unittest.html#unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase" title="unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase</span></code></a>: it is deprecated to return a value
that is not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> from a test case.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/urllib.parse.html#module-urllib.parse" title="urllib.parse: Parse URLs into or assemble them from components."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urllib.parse</span></code></a> deprecated functions: <a class="reference internal" href="../library/urllib.parse.html#urllib.parse.urlparse" title="urllib.parse.urlparse"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urlparse()</span></code></a> instead</p>
<ul>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">splitattr()</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">splithost()</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">splitnport()</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">splitpasswd()</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">splitport()</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">splitquery()</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">splittag()</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">splittype()</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">splituser()</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">splitvalue()</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">to_bytes()</span></code></p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref" title="wsgiref: WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wsgiref</span></code></a>: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SimpleHandler.stdout.write()</span></code> should not do partial
writes.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#module-xml.etree.ElementTree" title="xml.etree.ElementTree: Implementation of the ElementTree API."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.etree.ElementTree</span></code></a>: Testing the truth value of an
<a class="reference internal" href="../library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#xml.etree.ElementTree.Element" title="xml.etree.ElementTree.Element"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Element</span></code></a> is deprecated. In a future release it
will always return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>. Prefer explicit <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">len(elem)</span></code> or
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">elem</span> <span class="pre">is</span> <span class="pre">not</span> <span class="pre">None</span></code> tests instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys._clear_type_cache" title="sys._clear_type_cache"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys._clear_type_cache()</span></code></a> is deprecated:
use <a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys._clear_internal_caches" title="sys._clear_internal_caches"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys._clear_internal_caches()</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="soft-deprecations">
<h2>Soft deprecations<a class="headerlink" href="#soft-deprecations" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>There are no plans to remove <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-soft-deprecated"><span class="xref std std-term">soft deprecated</span></a> APIs.</p>
<ul>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../library/re.html#re.match" title="re.match"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">re.match()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../library/re.html#re.Pattern.match" title="re.Pattern.match"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">re.Pattern.match()</span></code></a> are now
<a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-soft-deprecated"><span class="xref std std-term">soft deprecated</span></a> in favor of the new <a class="reference internal" href="../library/re.html#re.prefixmatch" title="re.prefixmatch"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">re.prefixmatch()</span></code></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="../library/re.html#re.Pattern.prefixmatch" title="re.Pattern.prefixmatch"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">re.Pattern.prefixmatch()</span></code></a> APIs, which have been added as alternate,
more explicit names. These are intended to be used to alleviate confusion
around what <em>match</em> means by following the Zen of Python’s <em>“Explicit is
better than implicit”</em> mantra. Most other language regular expression
libraries use an API named <em>match</em> to mean what Python has always called
<em>search</em>.</p>
<p>We <strong>do not</strong> plan to remove the older <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">match()</span></code> name, as it has been
used in code for over 30 years. Code supporting older versions of Python
should continue to use <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">match()</span></code>, while new code should prefer
<code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">prefixmatch()</span></code>. See <a class="reference internal" href="../library/re.html#prefixmatch-vs-match"><span class="std std-ref">prefixmatch() vs. match()</span></a>.</p>
<p>(Contributed by Gregory P. Smith in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/86519">gh-86519</a> and
Hugo van Kemenade in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/148100">gh-148100</a>.)</p>
</li>
<li><p>Using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'F'</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'D'</span></code> format type codes of the <a class="reference internal" href="../library/struct.html#module-struct" title="struct: Interpret bytes as packed binary data."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct</span></code></a> module
now are <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-soft-deprecated"><span class="xref std std-term">soft deprecated</span></a> in favor of two-letter forms <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Zf'</span></code>
and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Zd'</span></code>.
(Contributed by Sergey B Kirpichev in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/121249">gh-121249</a>.)</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="c-api-deprecations">
<h2>C API deprecations<a class="headerlink" href="#c-api-deprecations" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="pending-removal-in-python-3-15">
<h3>Pending removal in Python 3.15<a class="headerlink" href="#pending-removal-in-python-3-15" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><p>The <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock()</span></code>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/import.html#c.PyImport_ImportModule" title="PyImport_ImportModule"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyImport_ImportModule()</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyWeakref_GetObject()</span></code> and <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT()</span></code>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/weakref.html#c.PyWeakref_GetRef" title="PyWeakref_GetRef"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyWeakref_GetRef()</span></code></a> instead. The <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/pythoncapi-compat/">pythoncapi-compat project</a> can be used to get
<code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyWeakref_GetRef()</span></code> on Python 3.12 and older.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject()</span></code>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/codec.html#c.PyCodec_Decode" title="PyCodec_Decode"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyCodec_Decode()</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode()</span></code>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/codec.html#c.PyCodec_Decode" title="PyCodec_Decode"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyCodec_Decode()</span></code></a> instead; Note that some codecs (for example, “base64”)
may return a type other than <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>, such as <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject()</span></code>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/codec.html#c.PyCodec_Encode" title="PyCodec_Encode"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyCodec_Encode()</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode()</span></code>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/codec.html#c.PyCodec_Encode" title="PyCodec_Encode"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyCodec_Encode()</span></code></a> instead; Note that some codecs (for example, “base64”)
may return a type other than <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>, such as <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p>Python initialization functions, deprecated in Python 3.13:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_GetPath()</span></code>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("module_search_paths")</span></code></a>
(<a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys.path" title="sys.path"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code></a>) instead.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_GetPrefix()</span></code>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("base_prefix")</span></code></a>
(<a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys.base_prefix" title="sys.base_prefix"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.base_prefix</span></code></a>) instead. Use <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("prefix")</span></code> (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys.prefix" title="sys.prefix"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.prefix</span></code></a>) if <a class="reference internal" href="../library/venv.html#venv-def"><span class="std std-ref">virtual environments</span></a> need to be handled.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_GetExecPrefix()</span></code>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("base_exec_prefix")</span></code></a>
(<a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys.base_exec_prefix" title="sys.base_exec_prefix"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.base_exec_prefix</span></code></a>) instead. Use
<code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("exec_prefix")</span></code>
(<a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys.exec_prefix" title="sys.exec_prefix"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.exec_prefix</span></code></a>) if <a class="reference internal" href="../library/venv.html#venv-def"><span class="std std-ref">virtual environments</span></a> need to
be handled.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_GetProgramFullPath()</span></code>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("executable")</span></code></a>
(<a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys.executable" title="sys.executable"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.executable</span></code></a>) instead.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_GetProgramName()</span></code>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("executable")</span></code></a>
(<a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys.executable" title="sys.executable"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.executable</span></code></a>) instead.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_GetPythonHome()</span></code>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("home")</span></code></a> or the
<span class="target" id="index-6"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONHOME"><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PYTHONHOME</span></code></a> environment variable instead.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>The <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/pythoncapi-compat/">pythoncapi-compat project</a> can be used to get
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get()</span></code></a> on Python 3.13 and older.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Functions to configure Python’s initialization, deprecated in Python 3.11:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PySys_SetArgvEx()</span></code>:
Set <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.argv" title="PyConfig.argv"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.argv</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PySys_SetArgv()</span></code>:
Set <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.argv" title="PyConfig.argv"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.argv</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_SetProgramName()</span></code>:
Set <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.program_name" title="PyConfig.program_name"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.program_name</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_SetPythonHome()</span></code>:
Set <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.home" title="PyConfig.home"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.home</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PySys_ResetWarnOptions()</span></code>:
Clear <a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys.warnoptions" title="sys.warnoptions"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.warnoptions</span></code></a> and <code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">warnings.filters</span></code> instead.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/interp-lifecycle.html#c.Py_InitializeFromConfig" title="Py_InitializeFromConfig"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_InitializeFromConfig()</span></code></a> API should be used with
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig" title="PyConfig"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig</span></code></a> instead.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Global configuration variables:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/interp-lifecycle.html#c.Py_DebugFlag" title="Py_DebugFlag"><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_DebugFlag</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.parser_debug" title="PyConfig.parser_debug"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.parser_debug</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("parser_debug")</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/interp-lifecycle.html#c.Py_VerboseFlag" title="Py_VerboseFlag"><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_VerboseFlag</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.verbose" title="PyConfig.verbose"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.verbose</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("verbose")</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/interp-lifecycle.html#c.Py_QuietFlag" title="Py_QuietFlag"><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_QuietFlag</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.quiet" title="PyConfig.quiet"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.quiet</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("quiet")</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/interp-lifecycle.html#c.Py_InteractiveFlag" title="Py_InteractiveFlag"><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_InteractiveFlag</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.interactive" title="PyConfig.interactive"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.interactive</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("interactive")</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/interp-lifecycle.html#c.Py_InspectFlag" title="Py_InspectFlag"><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_InspectFlag</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.inspect" title="PyConfig.inspect"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.inspect</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("inspect")</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/interp-lifecycle.html#c.Py_OptimizeFlag" title="Py_OptimizeFlag"><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_OptimizeFlag</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.optimization_level" title="PyConfig.optimization_level"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.optimization_level</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("optimization_level")</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/interp-lifecycle.html#c.Py_NoSiteFlag" title="Py_NoSiteFlag"><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_NoSiteFlag</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.site_import" title="PyConfig.site_import"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.site_import</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("site_import")</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/interp-lifecycle.html#c.Py_BytesWarningFlag" title="Py_BytesWarningFlag"><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_BytesWarningFlag</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.bytes_warning" title="PyConfig.bytes_warning"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.bytes_warning</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("bytes_warning")</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/interp-lifecycle.html#c.Py_FrozenFlag" title="Py_FrozenFlag"><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_FrozenFlag</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings" title="PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("pathconfig_warnings")</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/interp-lifecycle.html#c.Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag" title="Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag"><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.use_environment" title="PyConfig.use_environment"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.use_environment</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("use_environment")</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/interp-lifecycle.html#c.Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag" title="Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag"><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.write_bytecode" title="PyConfig.write_bytecode"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.write_bytecode</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("write_bytecode")</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/interp-lifecycle.html#c.Py_NoUserSiteDirectory" title="Py_NoUserSiteDirectory"><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_NoUserSiteDirectory</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.user_site_directory" title="PyConfig.user_site_directory"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.user_site_directory</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("user_site_directory")</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/interp-lifecycle.html#c.Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag" title="Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag"><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.buffered_stdio" title="PyConfig.buffered_stdio"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.buffered_stdio</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("buffered_stdio")</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/interp-lifecycle.html#c.Py_HashRandomizationFlag" title="Py_HashRandomizationFlag"><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_HashRandomizationFlag</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.use_hash_seed" title="PyConfig.use_hash_seed"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.use_hash_seed</span></code></a>
and <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.hash_seed" title="PyConfig.hash_seed"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.hash_seed</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("hash_seed")</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/interp-lifecycle.html#c.Py_IsolatedFlag" title="Py_IsolatedFlag"><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_IsolatedFlag</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.isolated" title="PyConfig.isolated"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.isolated</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("isolated")</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/interp-lifecycle.html#c.Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag" title="Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag"><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding" title="PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("legacy_windows_fs_encoding")</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/interp-lifecycle.html#c.Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag" title="Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag"><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio" title="PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("legacy_windows_stdio")</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding</span></code>, <code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding</span></code>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.filesystem_encoding" title="PyConfig.filesystem_encoding"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.filesystem_encoding</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("filesystem_encoding")</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors</span></code>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig.filesystem_errors" title="PyConfig.filesystem_errors"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig.filesystem_errors</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("filesystem_errors")</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_UTF8Mode</span></code>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyPreConfig.utf8_mode" title="PyPreConfig.utf8_mode"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyPreConfig.utf8_mode</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get("utf8_mode")</span></code></a> instead.
(see <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.Py_PreInitialize" title="Py_PreInitialize"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_PreInitialize()</span></code></a>)</p></li>
</ul>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/interp-lifecycle.html#c.Py_InitializeFromConfig" title="Py_InitializeFromConfig"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_InitializeFromConfig()</span></code></a> API should be used with
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig" title="PyConfig"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig</span></code></a> to set these options. Or <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/init_config.html#c.PyConfig_Get" title="PyConfig_Get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyConfig_Get()</span></code></a> can be
used to get these options at runtime.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="id1">
<h3>Pending removal in Python 3.16<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>The bundled copy of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libmpdec</span></code>.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="id2">
<h3>Pending removal in Python 3.18<a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><p>The following private functions are deprecated
and planned for removal in Python 3.18:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyBytes_Join()</span></code>: use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/bytes.html#c.PyBytes_Join" title="PyBytes_Join"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyBytes_Join()</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyDict_GetItemStringWithError()</span></code>: use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/dict.html#c.PyDict_GetItemStringRef" title="PyDict_GetItemStringRef"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyDict_GetItemStringRef()</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyDict_Pop()</span></code>: use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/dict.html#c.PyDict_Pop" title="PyDict_Pop"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyDict_Pop()</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyLong_Sign()</span></code>: use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/long.html#c.PyLong_GetSign" title="PyLong_GetSign"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLong_GetSign()</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyLong_FromDigits()</span></code> and <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyLong_New()</span></code>:
use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/long.html#c.PyLongWriter_Create" title="PyLongWriter_Create"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLongWriter_Create()</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyThreadState_UncheckedGet()</span></code>: use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/threads.html#c.PyThreadState_GetUnchecked" title="PyThreadState_GetUnchecked"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyThreadState_GetUnchecked()</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyUnicode_AsString()</span></code>: use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/unicode.html#c.PyUnicode_AsUTF8" title="PyUnicode_AsUTF8"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnicode_AsUTF8()</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyUnicodeWriter_Init()</span></code>:
replace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer)</span></code> with
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/unicode.html#c.PyUnicodeWriter_Create" title="PyUnicodeWriter_Create"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writer</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">PyUnicodeWriter_Create(0)</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyUnicodeWriter_Finish()</span></code>:
replace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer)</span></code> with
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/unicode.html#c.PyUnicodeWriter_Finish" title="PyUnicodeWriter_Finish"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(writer)</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc()</span></code>:
replace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer)</span></code> with
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/unicode.html#c.PyUnicodeWriter_Discard" title="PyUnicodeWriter_Discard"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer)</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar()</span></code>:
replace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer,</span> <span class="pre">ch)</span></code> with
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/unicode.html#c.PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar" title="PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer,</span> <span class="pre">ch)</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr()</span></code>:
replace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer,</span> <span class="pre">str)</span></code> with
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/unicode.html#c.PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr" title="PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer,</span> <span class="pre">str)</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring()</span></code>:
replace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring(&writer,</span> <span class="pre">str,</span> <span class="pre">start,</span> <span class="pre">end)</span></code> with
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/unicode.html#c.PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring" title="PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring(writer,</span> <span class="pre">str,</span> <span class="pre">start,</span> <span class="pre">end)</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString()</span></code>:
replace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer,</span> <span class="pre">str)</span></code> with
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/unicode.html#c.PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCII" title="PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCII"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCII(writer,</span> <span class="pre">str)</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteLatin1String()</span></code>:
replace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteLatin1String(&writer,</span> <span class="pre">str)</span></code> with
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/unicode.html#c.PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8" title="PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer,</span> <span class="pre">str)</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyUnicodeWriter_Prepare()</span></code>: (no replacement).</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyUnicodeWriter_PrepareKind()</span></code>: (no replacement).</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_Py_HashPointer()</span></code>: use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/hash.html#c.Py_HashPointer" title="Py_HashPointer"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_HashPointer()</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_Py_fopen_obj()</span></code>: use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/sys.html#c.Py_fopen" title="Py_fopen"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_fopen()</span></code></a>.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>The <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/pythoncapi-compat/">pythoncapi-compat project</a> can be used to get
these new public functions on Python 3.13 and older.
(Contributed by Victor Stinner in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/128863">gh-128863</a>.)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="id3">
<h3>Pending removal in Python 3.19<a class="headerlink" href="#id3" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><span class="target" id="index-7"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0456/"><strong>PEP 456</strong></a> embedders support for the string hashing scheme definition.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="id4">
<h3>Pending removal in Python 3.20<a class="headerlink" href="#id4" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyObject_CallMethodId()</span></code>, <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyObject_GetAttrId()</span></code> and
<code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyUnicode_FromId()</span></code> are deprecated since 3.15 and will be removed in
3.20. Instead, use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/unicode.html#c.PyUnicode_InternFromString" title="PyUnicode_InternFromString"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnicode_InternFromString()</span></code></a> and cache the result in
the module state, then call <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/call.html#c.PyObject_CallMethod" title="PyObject_CallMethod"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_CallMethod()</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/object.html#c.PyObject_GetAttr" title="PyObject_GetAttr"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_GetAttr()</span></code></a>.
(Contributed by Victor Stinner in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/141049">gh-141049</a>.)</p></li>
<li><p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cval</span></code> field in <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/complex.html#c.PyComplexObject" title="PyComplexObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyComplexObject</span></code></a> (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/128813">gh-128813</a>).
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/complex.html#c.PyComplex_AsCComplex" title="PyComplex_AsCComplex"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyComplex_AsCComplex()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/complex.html#c.PyComplex_FromCComplex" title="PyComplex_FromCComplex"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyComplex_FromCComplex()</span></code></a>
to convert a Python complex number to/from the C <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/complex.html#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_complex</span></code></a>
representation.</p></li>
<li><p>Macros <code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_MATH_PIl</span></code> and <code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_MATH_El</span></code>.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="id5">
<h3>Pending removal in future versions<a class="headerlink" href="#id5" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The following APIs are deprecated and will be removed,
although there is currently no date scheduled for their removal.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/typeobj.html#c.Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE" title="Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE"><code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE</span></code></a>:
Unneeded since Python 3.8.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/exceptions.html#c.PyErr_Fetch" title="PyErr_Fetch"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Fetch()</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/exceptions.html#c.PyErr_GetRaisedException" title="PyErr_GetRaisedException"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_GetRaisedException()</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/exceptions.html#c.PyErr_NormalizeException" title="PyErr_NormalizeException"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_NormalizeException()</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/exceptions.html#c.PyErr_GetRaisedException" title="PyErr_GetRaisedException"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_GetRaisedException()</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/exceptions.html#c.PyErr_Restore" title="PyErr_Restore"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Restore()</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/exceptions.html#c.PyErr_SetRaisedException" title="PyErr_SetRaisedException"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_SetRaisedException()</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/module.html#c.PyModule_GetFilename" title="PyModule_GetFilename"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyModule_GetFilename()</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/module.html#c.PyModule_GetFilenameObject" title="PyModule_GetFilenameObject"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyModule_GetFilenameObject()</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/sys.html#c.PyOS_AfterFork" title="PyOS_AfterFork"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyOS_AfterFork()</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/sys.html#c.PyOS_AfterFork_Child" title="PyOS_AfterFork_Child"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyOS_AfterFork_Child()</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/slice.html#c.PySlice_GetIndicesEx" title="PySlice_GetIndicesEx"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PySlice_GetIndicesEx()</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/slice.html#c.PySlice_Unpack" title="PySlice_Unpack"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PySlice_Unpack()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/slice.html#c.PySlice_AdjustIndices" title="PySlice_AdjustIndices"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PySlice_AdjustIndices()</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/unicode.html#c.PyUnicode_READY" title="PyUnicode_READY"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnicode_READY()</span></code></a>:
Unneeded since Python 3.12</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Display()</span></code>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/exceptions.html#c.PyErr_DisplayException" title="PyErr_DisplayException"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_DisplayException()</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyErr_ChainExceptions()</span></code>:
Use <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PyErr_ChainExceptions1()</span></code> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyBytesObject.ob_shash</span></code> member:
call <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/object.html#c.PyObject_Hash" title="PyObject_Hash"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject_Hash()</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p>Thread Local Storage (TLS) API:</p>
<ul>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/tls.html#c.PyThread_create_key" title="PyThread_create_key"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyThread_create_key()</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/tls.html#c.PyThread_tss_alloc" title="PyThread_tss_alloc"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyThread_tss_alloc()</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/tls.html#c.PyThread_delete_key" title="PyThread_delete_key"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyThread_delete_key()</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/tls.html#c.PyThread_tss_free" title="PyThread_tss_free"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyThread_tss_free()</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/tls.html#c.PyThread_set_key_value" title="PyThread_set_key_value"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyThread_set_key_value()</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/tls.html#c.PyThread_tss_set" title="PyThread_tss_set"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyThread_tss_set()</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/tls.html#c.PyThread_get_key_value" title="PyThread_get_key_value"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyThread_get_key_value()</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/tls.html#c.PyThread_tss_get" title="PyThread_tss_get"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyThread_tss_get()</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/tls.html#c.PyThread_delete_key_value" title="PyThread_delete_key_value"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyThread_delete_key_value()</span></code></a>:
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/tls.html#c.PyThread_tss_delete" title="PyThread_tss_delete"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyThread_tss_delete()</span></code></a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/tls.html#c.PyThread_ReInitTLS" title="PyThread_ReInitTLS"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyThread_ReInitTLS()</span></code></a>:
Unneeded since Python 3.7.</p></li>
</ul>
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